Liber Herbarum II: Panax ginseng

Liber Herbarum II:
Copyright © Erik Gotfredsen.

Den ukomplette reference-guide til lægeplanter og plantemedicin
The incomplete reference-guide to Herbal medicine
Der unvollständige Referenz-Guide für Arzneipflanzen und Heilkräuter
Hið ófullkomna uppsláttarrit um lækningajurtir

Updated: 03-06-2008 18:47:54

Gypsophila fastigiata

Panax ginseng C.Meyer
Araliaceae
30-28, 38, 46, 47-168, 50-195, 61, 62, 200-2177, 503-691

Panax quinquefolius

LiberHerbarum Minor

38, 50-195

80 cm.

30-28, 38

Ser.nr.	0716
Latin	Panax ginseng C.Meyer Aralia Quinquefolia Decne / Panax ginsing C.A.Mey.
	Koreansk ginseng Ginseng / Kraftrod / Orientalsk ginseng
	Asiatic ginseng / Chinese ginseng / Ginseng / Korean Ginseng
	Ginsengwurzel / Kraftwurzel
	Ginseng
	Ginseng Asiatisk ginseng / Ekte ginseng / Kinesisk ginseng / Koreansk ginseng
	Ginseng / Ginsengjuuri
	Racine de ginseng
	Zen-Szen / Zenszen
	Echte ginseng / Vingerplant
	Ginseng / Ginseng asiático / Ginseng chino / Ginseng coreano
	Ženšen
	(koreai) ginszeng / Kínai (koreai) ginzeng
	Ginseng
	*15-196, 30-28, 32-46, 36-46, 38, 46, 47-168, 50-195, 51-193, 61, 61-0, 62, 104-1*, 200-2177, 228, 236, 239, 240, 244, 246, 248, 250, 503-691

Sygdomme & anvendelser	Diseases & Uses	Krankheiten & Anwendungen
Sygdomme	Diseases	Krankheiten
Adaptogen	Adaptogenic	-	38	16 %
afrodisiakum	Aphrodisiac	Liebesmittel	*15-196*, 61	33 %
antioxidant	Anti-Oxidant	Antioxidant	61	16 %
betændelse	Inflammation	antiinflammatorisch	61	16 %
blodmangel	Blood formation	Blutarmut	61, 62	33 %
blodrensende	Blood cleanser	Blutreinigend	61	16 %
blodstillende	Antihemorrhagic	Blutstillend	61	16 %
blodsukkersænkende	lowering the blood sugar	Blutzucker senkend	38	16 %
blodtryk sænkende	Hypertension	Arterielle Hypertonie	36-147	16 %
blodtrykhævende	Hypotension	Hypotonie	61	16 %
blødninger	Anti-hemorrhagic	Bluten	61	16 %
brækmiddel	emetic	Brechmittel	38	16 %
Depression	depression	Depressionen	61	16 %
epilepsi	Anti-epileptic	Epilepsie	61	16 %
forlænger livet	Promotes long life	-	*15-196*	16 %
hjertestyrkende	cardiac	Herz stärkend	62	16 %
Hudlidelser	skin diseases	Hautkrankheiten	61	16 %
impotens	Impotence	Impotenz	61	16 %
Infektion	Infections	Infektion	61	16 %
kolesterol	cholesterol	Cholesterin	38	16 %
leverlidelser	liver diseases	Leberkrankheit	61	16 %
leverrensning	cleansing the liver	Reinigung von Leber	*15-196*	16 %
menopause	Menopause	Menopause	61	16 %
nervestyrkende	weak nerves	Nervenschwäche	38	16 %
opkvikkende middel	Pick-me-up	anregend	61, 62	33 %
overtræthed	Fatigue	Übermüdung	61	16 %
prostata	prostate	Prostata	61	16 %
regulerer kirtelfunktionen	-	-	*15-196*	16 %
renser nyrerne	-	-	*15-196*	16 %
reumatisme	Anti-Rheumatic	Rheuma	61	16 %
slimløsende	expectorant	schleimlösend	38	16 %
stress	Stress	Stress	61	16 %
styrkende middel	cordial	Kräftigungsmittel	61, *200-2177*	33 %
styrker immunforsvaret	immune enhangement	Abwehrschwäche	62	16 %
styrker ved rekreation efter sygdom	Strengthens in recovering from disease	-	61	16 %
styrker velbefindet	-	-	*15-196*	16 %
svækkelse	Asthenia	Schwäche	61	16 %
tonikum	Tonic	Tonika	38, 61	33 %
Type 2 diabetes	Diabetes mellitus type 2	Diabetes Typ 2	61	16 %
universalmiddel	all kinds of illnesses	alle Arten von Krankheiten	*15-196*	16 %
urindrivende	Diuretic	Diuretikum	61	16 %
Åreforkalkning	Atherosclerosis	Arteriosklerose	62	16 %
Kvindelidelser	Women's diseases	Frauenleiden
klimakteriebesvær	climacteric	Wechseljahre	62	16 %
Fødevarer	Foods	Lebensmittel
teerstatning	tea substitute	Tee Ersatz	38	16 %
Andre anvendelser	Other uses	Andere Verwendung
magiske egenskaber	magic power	Magisch verwendung	*15-196*	16 %

Indholdsstoffer	Contents	Inhaltsstoffe
-	20-Glucosyl-Ginsenoside	-	503-691	25%
-	24-Methylene cycloartanol	-	503-691	25%
-	24-Methylene-24-Dihydro-Lanosterol	-	503-691	25%
-	2-5-Dimethyl-Tridecane	-	503-691	25%
-	2-6-Ditert-Butyl-4-Methyl-Phenol	-	503-691	25%
-	28-Isofucosterol	-	503-691	25%
-	2-Acetyl-Pyrrole	-	503-691	25%
-	2-Ethyl-5-Methyl-Pyrazine	-	503-691	25%
-	2-Ethyl-6-Methyl-Pyrazine	-	503-691	25%
-	2-Iso-Butyl-3-Methoxy-Pyrazine	-	503-691	25%
-	Acetyl-Panaxydol	-	503-691	25%
-	Allo-Aromadendrene	Allo-Aromadendren	503-691	25%
-	Alpha-Amylase	-	503-691	25%
-	Alpha-Bergamotene	Alpha-Bergamoten	503-691	25%
-	Alpha-Copaene	Alpha-Copaen	503-691	25%
-	Alpha-Cubebene	Alpha-Cubeben	503-691	25%
-	Alpha-Guaiene	Alpha-Guaien	503-691	25%
-	Alpha-Maltose	-	503-691	25%
-	Alpha-Neoclovene	-	503-691	25%
-	Alpha-Panasinsene	-	503-691	25%
-	Alpha-Pyrrolidone	-	503-691	25%
-	Alpha-Santalene	-	503-691	25%
-	Aromadendrene	Aromadendren	503-691	25%
-	Beta-Amylase	-	503-691	25%
-	Beta-Bisabolene	Beta-Bisabolen	503-691	25%
-	Beta-Cubebene	Beta-Cubeben	503-691	25%
-	Beta-Elemene	Beta-Elemen	503-691	25%
-	Beta-Eudesmol	Beta-Eudesmol	503-691	25%
-	Beta-Guaiene	Beta-Guaien	503-691	25%
-	Beta-Gurjunene	Beta-Gurjunen	503-691	25%
-	Beta-Maltose	-	503-691	25%
-	Beta-Maaliene	-	503-691	25%
-	Beta-Neoclovene	-	503-691	25%
-	Beta-Panasinsene	-	503-691	25%
-	Beta-Patchoulene	-	503-691	25%
-	Beta-Santalene	-	503-691	25%
-	Beta-Sitosterol-3-O-Beta-D-Glucoside	-	503-691	25%
-	Bicyclogermacrene	Bicyclogermacren	503-691	25%
-	Bisabolene	Bisabolen	503-691	25%
-	Butyrospermol	-	503-691	25%
-	Campesterol-6-Linolenylglucoside	-	503-691	25%
-	Campesterol-6-Linolylglucoside	-	503-691	25%
-	Campesterol-6-Oleylglucoside	-	503-691	25%
-	Campesterol-6-Palmitylglucoside	-	503-691	25%
-	Campesterol-6-Stearylglucoside	-	503-691	25%
-	Cerebroside	-	503-691	25%
-	Citrostadienol	-	503-691	25%
-	Cycloartenol	Cycloartenol	503-691	25%
-	Cycloeucalenol	-	503-691	25%
-	Daucosterin	-	503-691	25%
-	Daucosterol	Daucosterol	503-691	25%
-	Deca-Trans-2,Trans-4-Dien-1-Al	-	503-691	25%
-	Deca-Trans-2-Cis-4-Dien-1-Al	-	503-691	25%
-	D-Fructose	-	503-691	25%
-	D-Glucose	D-Glykose	503-691	25%
-	Dihydroactinidiolide	-	503-691	25%
-	D-Sucrose	-	503-691	25%
-	Elemene	-	503-691	25%
-	Epsilon-Muurolene	-	503-691	25%
-	Eremophilene	-	503-691	25%
-	Estriol	-	503-691	25%
-	Falcarinol	-	503-691	25%
-	Fiber(crude)	-	503-691	25%
-	Fiber(dietary)	-	503-691	25%
-	Furaldehyde	-	503-691	25%
-	Gadoleic-Acid	-	503-691	25%
-	Gamma-Elemene	Gamma-Elemen	503-691	25%
-	Gamma-Patchoulene	-	503-691	25%
-	Ginsenoside	-	503-691	25%
-	Ginsenoside-F-1	-	503-691	25%
-	Ginsenoside-F2	-	503-691	25%
-	Ginsenoside-F3	-	503-691	25%
-	Ginsenoside-Ra	-	503-691	25%
-	Ginsenoside-Rb	-	503-691	25%
-	Ginsenoside-Rb-1	-	503-691	25%
-	Ginsenoside-Rb-2	-	503-691	25%
-	Ginsenoside-Rb-3	-	503-691	25%
-	Ginsenoside-Rb-C	-	503-691	25%
-	Ginsenoside-Rb-Group	-	503-691	25%
-	Ginsenoside-Rc	-	503-691	25%
-	Ginsenoside-Rd	-	503-691	25%
-	Ginsenoside-Rd-2	-	503-691	25%
-	Ginsenoside-Re	-	503-691	25%
-	Ginsenoside-Re-2	-	503-691	25%
-	Ginsenoside-Re-3	-	503-691	25%
-	Ginsenoside-Rf	-	503-691	25%
-	Ginsenoside-Rg	-	503-691	25%
-	Ginsenoside-Rg-1	-	503-691	25%
-	Ginsenoside-Rg-2	-	503-691	25%
-	Ginsenoside-Rg-3	-	503-691	25%
-	Ginsenoside-Rh	-	503-691	25%
-	Ginsenoside-Rh1	-	503-691	25%
-	Ginsenoside-Rh-2	-	503-691	25%
-	Ginsenoside-Rh-3	-	503-691	25%
-	Ginsenoside-R-O	-	503-691	25%
-	Ginsenosides	-	503-691	25%
-	Ginsenoyne-G	-	503-691	25%
-	Gypenoside-Xvii	-	503-691	25%
-	Harman	-	503-691	25%
-	Heneicosanoic-Acid	-	503-691	25%
-	Heptadeca-1-8-Diene-4-6-Diyne-3-10-Diol	-	503-691	25%
-	Heptadeca-1-En-4,6-Diyn-3,9-Diol	-	503-691	25%
-	Heptadecan-1-Ol	-	503-691	25%
-	Heptadecan-2-One	-	503-691	25%
-	Heptadecanoic-Acid	-	503-691	25%
-	Hexa-decanoic-Acid	-	503-691	25%
-	Hexan-1-Al	-	503-691	25%
-	Indole-3-Acetic-Acid	-	503-691	25%
-	Indole-Acetic-Acid	-	503-691	25%
-	Invertase	-	503-691	25%
-	Kcals	Kilocalories	503-691	25%
-	Ketoglutaric-Acid	Ketoglutarsäure	503-691	25%
-	Lignoceric-Acid	Lignocersäure	503-691	25%
-	Ligustrazine	-	503-691	25%
-	Luteolin-7-Glucoside	-	503-691	25%
-	Lysophosphatidyl-Inositol	-	503-691	25%
-	Malonyl-Ginsenoside-Rb-1	-	503-691	25%
-	Malonyl-Ginsenoside-Rb-2	-	503-691	25%
-	Malonyl-Ginsenoside-Rc	-	503-691	25%
-	Malonyl-Ginsenoside-Rd	-	503-691	25%
-	Maltol	Maltol	503-691	25%
-	Maltose	-	61, 503-691	50%
-	Mayurone	-	503-691	25%
-	Moretenol	-	503-691	25%
-	Neoxanthin	-	503-691	25%
-	N-Nonacosane	N-Nonacosan	503-691	25%
-	Norharman	-	503-691	25%
-	Obtusifoliol	-	503-691	25%
-	Palmitoleic-Acid	Palmitolsäure	503-691	25%
-	Panasenoside	-	503-691	25%
-	Panaxacol	-	503-691	25%
-	Panaxadiol	-	503-691	25%
-	Panaxan-A	-	503-691	25%
-	Panaxan-B	-	503-691	25%
-	Panaxan-C	-	503-691	25%
-	Panaxan-D	-	503-691	25%
-	Panaxan-E	-	503-691	25%
-	Panaxatriol	-	503-691	25%
-	Panaxic-Acid	Panaxsäure	62, 503-691	50%
-	Panaxin	-	503-691	25%
-	Panaxoside-A	-	503-691	25%
-	Panaxoside-B	-	503-691	25%
-	Panaxoside-C	-	503-691	25%
-	Panaxoside-D	-	503-691	25%
-	Panaxoside-E	-	503-691	25%
-	Panaxoside-F	-	503-691	25%
-	Panax-Polysaccharide	-	503-691	25%
-	Panax-Protein	-	503-691	25%
-	Panaxydol	-	503-691	25%
-	Panaxynol	-	503-691	25%
-	Panaxytriol	-	503-691	25%
-	Patchoulene	-	503-691	25%
-	Pelargonidin-3-Monoglucoside	-	503-691	25%
-	Pentadecanoic-Acid	-	503-691	25%
-	Phenolase	-	503-691	25%
-	Phenyl-Acetaldehyde	-	503-691	25%
-	Phenylethanol	-	503-691	25%
-	Phosphatidic-Acid	-	503-691	25%
-	Phosphatidyl-Choline	-	503-691	25%
-	Phosphatidyl-Ethanolamine	-	503-691	25%
-	Phosphatidyl-Glycerol	-	503-691	25%
-	Phosphatidyl-inositol	-	503-691	25%
-	Putrescine	-	503-691	25%
-	Pyroglutamic-Acid	-	503-691	25%
-	Quinquenoside-R-1	-	503-691	25%
-	Santalene	-	503-691	25%
-	Saponin-Ii	-	503-691	25%
-	Saponin-Iii	-	503-691	25%
-	Saponin-Iv	-	503-691	25%
-	Saponin-V	-	503-691	25%
-	Selina-4(14),7(11)-Diene	-	503-691	25%
-	Sitosterol-6-Linolenylglucoside	-	503-691	25%
-	Sitosterol-6-Linolylglucoside	-	503-691	25%
-	Sitosterol-6-Oleylglucoside	-	503-691	25%
-	Sitosterol-6-Stearylglucoside	-	503-691	25%
-	Spathulenol	Spathulenol	503-691	25%
-	Spermidine	-	503-691	25%
-	Spermine	-	503-691	25%
-	Squalene	Squalen	503-691	25%
-	Squalene-2-3-Oxide	-	503-691	25%
-	Stigmasterol-6-Linolenylglucoside	-	503-691	25%
-	Stigmasterol-6-Linolylglucoside	-	503-691	25%
-	Stigmasterol-6-Oleylglucoside	-	503-691	25%
-	Stigmasterol-6-Palmitylglucoside	-	503-691	25%
-	Stigmasterol-6-Stearylglucoside	-	503-691	25%
-	Superoxide-Dismutase	-	503-691	25%
-	Tricosanoic-Acid	-	503-691	25%
-	Trifolin	-	503-691	25%
-	Trimethyl-Pyrazine	-	503-691	25%
-	Tripalmitin	-	503-691	25%
-	Uridine	-	503-691	25%
-	Vicilin	-	503-691	25%
(+)-Kamfen	(+)-Camphene	(+)-Camphen	503-691	25%
1,3-Dimethyl-Benzen	1,3-Dimethyl-Benzene	-	503-691	25%
1,8-Cineol	1,8-Cineol	1,8-Cineol	503-691	25%
22-Trans-Dehydro-24-Methyl-Cholesterol	22-Trans-Dehydro-24-Methyl-Cholesterol	-	503-691	25%
24-Ethyl-22-Trans-Dehydro-Cholesterol	24-Ethyl-22-Trans-Dehydro-Cholesterol	-	503-691	25%
24-Ethyl-Cholesterol	24-Ethyl-Cholesterol	-	503-691	25%
24-Methyl-Cholesterol	24-Methyl-Cholesterol	-	503-691	25%
adenin	Adenine	Adenin	503-691	25%
adenosin	Adenosine	Adenosin	503-691	25%
Alanin	Alanine	Alanin	503-691	25%
Alfa-Farnesen	Alpha-Farnesene	-	503-691	25%
Alfa-Humulen	Alpha-Humulene	Alpha-Humulen	503-691	25%
Alfa-Selinen	Alpha-Selinene	Alpha-Selinen	503-691	25%
Alpha-fruktose	Alpha-fructose	Alpha-Fruktose	503-691	25%
Alpha-glykose	Alpha-glucose	Alpha-Glykose	503-691	25%
Alpha-Phellandren	Alpha-Phellandrene	Alpha-Phellandren	503-691	25%
Alpha-Pinen	Alpha-Pinene	Alpha-Pinen	503-691	25%
Aluminium	aluminum	Aluminium	503-691	25%
Aminosyre	Amino acid	Aminosäuren	61, 503-691	50%
Amylase	Amylase	Amylase	61	25%
arabinose	Arabinose	Arabinose	61	25%
arachinsyre	Arachic-Acid	Arachinsäure	503-691	25%
Arginin	arginine	Arginin	503-691	25%
Arsenik	Arsenic	Arsen	503-691	25%
ascorbinsyre	ascorbic acid	Ascorbinsäure	503-691	25%
aske	Ash	Asche	503-691	25%
Asparaginsyre	Aspartic acid	Asparaginsäure	503-691	25%
azulen	Azulene	Azulen	503-691	25%
behensyre	Behenic-Acid	Behensäure	503-691	25%
benzaldehyd	benz-Aldehyde	Benzaldehyd	503-691	25%
Beta-Amyrin	Beta-Amyrin	Beta-Amyrin	503-691	25%
Beta-Bourbonen	Beta-Bourbonene	Beta-Bourbonen	503-691	25%
Beta-caroten	Beta-carotene	Beta-Caroten	503-691	25%
Beta-Caryophyllen	Beta-Caryophyllene	Beta-Caryophyllen	503-691	25%
Beta-Farnesen	Beta-Farnesene	Beta-Farnesen	503-691	25%
Beta-Fruktose	Beta-Fructose	Beta-Fruktose	503-691	25%
Beta-Glykose	Beta-Glucose	Beta-Glykose	503-691	25%
Beta-Humulen	Beta-Humulene	Beta-Humulen	503-691	25%
Beta-Selinen	Beta-Selinene	Beta-Selinen	503-691	25%
Beta-Sitosterol	Beta-Sitosterol	Beta-Sitosterol	503-691	25%
Cadinen	Cadinene	Cadinen	503-691	25%
Calcium	Calcium	Calcium	61, 503-691	50%
Campesterol	Campesterol	Campesterol	503-691	25%
Campherol	Campherol	Kaempferol	503-691	25%
Carbondisulfid	Carbon-Disulfide	-	503-691	25%
Caryofyllen	Caryophyllene	Caryophyllen	503-691	25%
Caryophyllen-Alkohol	Caryophyllene-Alcohol	-	503-691	25%
Catalase	Catalase	-	503-691	25%
Cellulase	Cellulase	Cellulase	503-691	25%
cholin	Choline	Cholin	61, 503-691	50%
cineol	Cineol	Cineol	503-691	25%
Cis-Caryophyllen	Cis-Caryophyllene	-	503-691	25%
citral	Citral	Citral	61, 503-691	50%
CitronSyre	citric acid	Citronensäure	503-691	25%
Cystein	Cysteine	Cystein	503-691	25%
Cystin	Cystine	Cystin	503-691	25%
Delta-Cadinen	Delta-Cadinene	Delta-Cadinene	503-691	25%
Eddikesyre	Acetic acid	Essigsäure	503-691	25%
Eddikesyre-Ethyl-Ester	Acetic-Acid-Ethyl-Ester	-	503-691	25%
elainsyre	Oleic-Acid	Elainsäure	503-691	25%
Enzym	Enzyme	Enzym	61	25%
erucasyre	erucic-Acid	Erucasäure	503-691	25%
Estradiol	Estradiol	-	503-691	25%
Estron	Estrone	-	503-691	25%
Ethanol	Ethanol	Ethanol	503-691	25%
Ethyl-Benzen	Ethylbenzene	-	503-691	25%
Ethylen	Ethylene	-	503-691	25%
Eucalyptol	eucalyptol	Eucalyptol	503-691	25%
eugenol	eugenol	Eugenol	503-691	25%
Fedtstof	Fat	Fette	503-691	25%
Fedtsyre	fatty acid	Fettsäure	61	25%
Fenylalanin	Phenylalanine	Phenylalanin	503-691	25%
Ferulasyre	Ferulic-Acid	Ferulsäure	503-691	25%
Fibre	Fibres	Fasern	503-691	25%
Fluorid	Fluoride	-	503-691	25%
Folsyre	Folic acid	Folsäure	61, 503-691	50%
Fosfor	phosphorus	Phosphor	503-691	25%
Fruktose	Fructose	Fruchtzucker	503-691	25%
Frutose	Frutose	Frutose	61	25%
fumarsyre	fumaric acid	Fumarsäure	503-691	25%
Galactose	Galactose	Galactose	503-691	25%
Gamma-Amino-Smørsyre	Gamma-aminobutyric acid	Gamma-Amino-Buttersäure	503-691	25%
Gamma-Cadinen	Gamma-Cadinene	Gamma-Cadinen	503-691	25%
Gamma-Selinen	Gamma-Selinene	-	503-691	25%
garvesyre	Tannic acid	Gerbsäure	503-691	25%
Gentisinsyre	Gentisic-Acid	Gentisinsäure	503-691	25%
Germanium	Germanium	Germanium	503-691	25%
ginsenin	ginsenin	Ginsenin	*15-196*, 62	50%
Globulin	Avenasterol	-	503-691	25%
Glukose	glucose	Traubenzucker	61, 503-691	50%
Glutaminsyre	Glutamic acid	Glutaminsäure	503-691	25%
Glycin	Glycine	Glycin	503-691	25%
Glykosider	Glucoside	Glycoside	61, 62	50%
guanin	Guanine	Guanin	503-691	25%
gummi	Rubber	Gummi	503-691	25%
Histidin	Histidine	Histidin	503-691	25%
Humulen	Humulene	Humulen	503-691	25%
Isoleucin	Isoleucine	Isoleucin	503-691	25%
jern	Iron	Eisen	61, 503-691	50%
kaffesyre	caffeic acid	Kaffeesäure	503-691	25%
Kalium	Potassium	Kalium	503-691	25%
kisel	silicon	Silicium	503-691	25%
klorofyl	chlorophyll	Chlorophyll	503-691	25%
Kobber	Copper	Kupfer	61, 503-691	50%
kobolt	cobalt	Cobalt	61, 503-691	50%
kolesterol	Cholesterol	Cholesterin	503-691	25%
Krom	Chromium	Chrom	503-691	25%
Kulhydrater	Carbohydrates	Kohlenhydrate	503-691	25%
Leucin	Leucine	Leucin	503-691	25%
limonen	limonene	Limonen	61, 503-691	50%
linalool	linalool	Linalool	503-691	25%
linolensyre	linolenic acid	Linolensäure	503-691	25%
linolsyre	linoleic acid	Linolsäure	503-691	25%
Lupeol	Lupeol	Lupeol	503-691	25%
lutein	lutein	Lutein	503-691	25%
Lysin	Lysine	Lysin	503-691	25%
Lysophosphatidylcholin	Lysophosphatidylcholine	-	503-691	25%
magnesium	Magnesium	Magnesium	61, 503-691	50%
Maleinsyre	Maleic-Acid	Maleinsäure	503-691	25%
Mangan	Manganese	Mangan

Gypsophila fastigiata

Panax ginseng C.MeyerAraliaceae30-28, 38, 46, 47-168, 50-195, 61, 62, 200-2177, 503-691

Araliaceae

Panax quinquefolius

Panax ginseng C.Meyer
Araliaceae
30-28, 38, 46, 47-168, 50-195, 61, 62, 200-2177, 503-691